Clinical manifestations of pediatric idiopathic hypercalciuria.

Idiopathic hypercalciuria (IH) is a common metabolic disorder in children with protean manifestations, many of which can mimic other common pediatric diseases. Reports in the medical literature describe children with IH presenting with a wide array of calculi and non-calculi related clinical symptoms such as hematuria, urinary tract infections (UTIs), urgency, urinary incontinence and recurrent abdominal pain. Many of these symptom complexes have been only loosely associated with IH with no definite established causal relationship. Due to the common nature of IH and the varied clinical features attributed to it, it is of utmost importance for health-care professionals to be aware of these; this will facilitate early and appropriate investigations and prompt institution of therapy to avoid long-term morbidity.